of cleveland



Mar h 5, 1929 E. J. LEVY THERMOSTAT Original Fildjulq; 15, 1925 INVENTORilwufl yanfmc 5 2: know Reissued Mar. 5, 1929.

R 17,228 UNITE-'DSTATES' PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD J. LEVY, F CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR 1'0 THE B ISEOP '& BABC'OCKCOMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION 01 OHIO.

THERMOSTAT.

Original No..1,644,533, dated October 1, 1527, Serial No. 122,540, filedJuly 15, 192G. Application for reissue filed September. 28,1928. SerialNo. 308,568.

My invention relates to thermostats and relates particularly to athermostatic valve mechanism and a fluid system comprising such athermostatic valve mechanism. An' object of my invention is to provide acooling system with improved means for con- [trolling the temperature ofthe coolingmedium and for regulating its circulation.

Another object of my invention is'to regulate the temperature of acooling fluid by controlling the relativeamounts of flow of such fluidin one-or the other of a pair of fluid conduits. V a

Anqther object'of my invention is to provide a unitary apparatus adaptedto be installed in a cooling system, such as that of an internalcombustion engine, to efliciently regulate the temperature of thecooling medium employed. I Other objects of myinvention and the invention itself will appear from the following description, in whichreference'will be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part ofthis specification and which relate particularly to an embodiment of myinvention.

'Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a portion of an automotive engine, and athermostat and controlled valve mechanism therefor, embodying myinvention, taken on the longitudinal medial lineof the thermostat,certain few parts being shown in elevation;

Fi 2 is. a plan view of the thermostat cas- 1 3 is a plan of a splitring employed in the said embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a; view in side elevation of a stop element employed in thesaid embodiment, while Fig. 4: is a plan view of the same Fig. 5 is avertical medial sectional view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 201? thethermostat employed in the foregoing figures; and

Fig. 6 shows a modified form of-container.

Referring now to the different figures of -15 drawing in all of whichlike parts are designated by like reference characters, at 1, I show afluid circulating pump, such as a water pump employed in internalcombustion engine cooling systems, and at- 2, I show 5 a portion of thewaterjacket of the internal combustion engine which receives water orother fluid through an intake conduit 3, and' from which it isdischarged bya discharge conduit 4.

ceived by the pump 1. 'Water is also discharged from the thermostat intoa conduit 7 leading to the conduit 9, at the approach side of thepump 1. i f r The conduit 7 is commonly known as a bypass conduit and,in'the embodiment of my invention herein illustrated, comprises a duct61 provided within vthe walls 72 and73 of the internal combustionengine, and is adapted to conduct varying amounts of cooling fluiddirectly'from the thermostat at the cooling fluid discharge port of theengine water jacket to the approach side of the pump 1 and without beingexposed to any consider- 75 able cooling agency. On the other hand, thatportion of the cooling fluid which passes from the thermostat throughthe radiator 8 before being returned to the pump 1 is cooled by beingexposed to the cooling influence of air passed over the surfaces of theradiator.

through the radiator to regulate the cooling effect thereof upon theentire .bodyofwater in the cooling circulating system. Such systemsbeing well known, one such system being illustrated in the patent to H;D. Church No. 1,398,361, dated November29, 1921, to which v referencemay be had as illustrating generally the prior art efforts along thegeneral lineofmy invention.

Some outstanding differences between the 'present construction andthatof the prior art, as exemplified by the above patent, are First,that inapplicants construction the thermostatic unit, comprising thethermostat, valves and supporting shell therefor, is removable as a unitand capable of being installed as a unit in-the cooling system of theinternal combustion engine.

I Second, the thermostatic mechanism of applicants invention is ofnovel, highly'efiicient,

compact design not subject to derangement of arts and capable of easyreplacement.

hird, the thermostatic mechanism is capable of being mounted directly onthe head of the engine, within the walls of whiehithe by-pass conduit isprovided and the inlet and by-pass outlet ports of the engine are in thesame horizontal plane of the attaching face of .the thermostaticmechanism casing where- 'by such ports may be readily brought inalignment with cooperating ports of the thermostatic mechanism.

In apphcants thermostatic mechanism,

the timing of the valve functions of the branched flows leading from thevalves controlling the radiator water and by-pass wa- 15, a suitablegasket 16 being interposed for fluid sealing purposes. The base flangeis i. annularly counter bored at 17 sufficiently to receive theperipheral flange 18 of a thermostat supporting shell 19, generally ofin verted cup .shaped form and having an end wall 20 with areentrantportion 21. The reentrant end wall comprises a depressed central portion24 with an inner and upstandin'g annular bearing flange 22 for thecylindrical'valve rod 23 to guidethe same a plurality of spacedarins 25supporting the said central portion openings 26 between the arms, beingprovided for the flow of cooling water from the interiorof the shell 19to its exterior through the shell end wall.- The side walls 27 of theshell are impervious and preferably comprise, at a predeterm ned point,as at 28, an outwardly expanded annular bead.

A thermostatic bellows element 29 is housed within the shell 19, beingsupported by a split ring 30, whose peripheral portions are seatedwithin the concavity of the bead and inner surfaces, and also part bythe valve rod 23.

The thermostat bellows of my invention comprises, preferably, a tube 29having corrugated flexible side walls 31 and stiffened end walls 32 and33, the end wall 32com-' prising a dished plate with its rim flange 34making sealed engagement with the lowerproach and close the-by-passvalve port 53 communicating with the by-pass conduit 61 'which leadsthrough the-conduit 7 to the inmost convolution of the bellows sidewall, and the uppermost end wall 33 being in the form of a disk having adepressed central portion 64 and lateral. peripheral flanges 35 insertedwithin and making fluid-tight connection with the uppermost convolution'36 0f the bellows side wall. The central portion positioned in of theend Wall 33 is preferably bowed up wardly and pierced at 37.

V Seated Within the recess formed by the depression of the centralportion of the end Wall 33 is the flanged lower end 38 of the valve rod23, The-valve rod 23 comprises an axial bore 39 thru which thermallyexpansible fluid contained within the bellows for expanding the s'amemay be introduced. The

bore 39, however, is subsequently closed by a plug 40 tightly insertedin the upper enlarged end of the bore. A (iap 41 screw threaded ontothe'upper threaded end of the rod 23 is adapted to clamp, between itslower surface and the upper surface of the rod shoulder 42, a valve disk43. The peripheral.

portions of thevalve disk 43 are adapted to engage the annular planevalve-seat 44, and when seated thereupon thevalve, comprising the diskand its seat, will effect a closure to the flow of water passing in thedirection of the arrow 45 through the upward neck of the conduit element10 andthence to the radiator 8. i As illustrated, particularly in Fig;3, the split ring shown at 30, Fig. 1, comprises a half ring-section 30,and a complementary half ring-section 30", the two being placedtogether, as illustrated in- Fig. 3, complete an annular ringdiametrically split along the line 46, having a relatively large centralopening 47, the ring being of sheet metal and' apertured at intervals asshown at 48.

Thesplit ring sections are placed about the side walls of the bellows atopposite sides thereof and intermediate a pair of bellows convolutions49 and 50, and forced between such convolutions untilv their diametricaledges are brought closely together and with the bellows inserted withinthe enclosing shell 19, the peripheral portions'of the splitring-sections being received within the annular-concave surface on-theinner wall of the shell at the annular bead 28 thereof. A good supportfor the bellows is thus effected, supporting thebellows on the sidewallsof the I shell, at the same time'permitting the flowof.

water or other cooling fluid past the bellows through the shell and intocontact with all exterior surfaces of the bellows, and at the same timedepending upon' the particular convolutions 49 and 50 between'which thesplit ring 30 is received, effecting a predetermination of the relativenormal positions of the end plate 32,3vl1ich acts as a valveelement, andits valve seat 51.

The valve element 32 is adapted to aptake side of the pump 1. A stopelement,

comprising a bent metallic strip formed as end flanges 55 projectedwithin the bellows convolution 50 and an intermediate stop portion 56preferably adapted to normally contact with the inner surface of thebellows. The bellows having been previously charged with any'suitablethBIIIlO-SGIQHIIVE liquid or vapor is first assembled within its shell19, as illustrated andabove described, and the shell is then insertedWithin the conduit element 10 of. the automotive englne cooling systemwith its rim flange 18 rigidly secured below the base flange 11 ofthesaid conduit element, the adjustment of the valves being preferablyso made that the valve, comprising the disk 43 and seat44l, and whichherein we may call the valve A, Wlll normally be closed. v

The valve, comprising the valve element 32 and seat 51, and which hereinwe may call the valve B, will normally be open to a maximum extent; andthe adjustments being moreover preferably so made that upon operation ofthe engine and the cooling fluid therefor being gradually heated, willat first be communicated to the interior of the shell and passedtherefrom through the valve opening B through the by-pass conduitcomprising sections 61 and 7. Returning to the pump, from thence itcirculates through the engine water jacket again to the thermostatshell, the operation being cont1nuous unt1l the thermostat 29, by heatcommunicated through its walls to the thermo-sensitive liquid or vaporcontained therein, Wlll expand longitudinally.

The preferred adjustment of the parts is one which will effect theinitial stages of valve'opening of the valve A at about the same timethe valve B has practically reached its closed position. Under such aconditlon of adjustment, the engine will rapidly attain its desiredoperating temperature, since there will be little or no cooling of thecooling fluid accomplished so long as little or none of the fluidispassed through the valve A in the direction of the arrow 45 throughthe radiator 8. Until this is accom )lished, the rise in temperaturewill be rapid, but subsequently the valve A is opened and substantiallysimultaneously with the closure of the valve A, and the closure of thevalve B will effect an increasedliftin g eflort upon the valve disk 43which is exerted by, cooling fluid.

The valve disk will be moved "iq'J-wardly by the resultant combinedeffort of the expanded thermostat element 29 assisted by the lift. ingefl'ort of the water pressure. exerted on the under side of the valvedisk 43.

'In this way I secure the advantage of. ac,- complishing an eflicientoperation of both valves with a single thermostat of the bellows type,Water being passed through the radiator upon a predetermined heating ofthe engine, in sufficient quantity, will be cooled and will '8fit acooling of the engine and resultant contraction of the thermostattending to restore the thermostat toward normal valve operatingposition, whereupon the first described heating and resultant valveoperation will reoccur, the periods of heating and cooling being withinnarrow limits of time 7 and degree to the end that a substantiallyconstant temperature of cooling fluid is effected.

In Fig. 6 I show a modification of my invention wherein the side walls27 of the casing 19 areannularly corrugated for a portion of theirlength so that the sections of the split ring 18' may be adjustableaxially of the shell 19 fitting into any desired one of the annularrecesses so provided in the side walls. This arrangement permitsvariation in relative movement of the two ends of the fluid containingacket encasing the internal combustion engine cylinders and a by-passconduit adapted to shunt fluid from the radiator, of a thermostatcontrolling the flow through the radiator and also the said by-' passconduit, said thermostat being immersible in fluid from the jacket andexpansive responsive to an excess of temperature from anormal'temperature, a pair of valves operable thereby, one beingdisposed in the path of the flow to the radiator. the second disposed inthe by-pass conduit, the first being effective to increase the flowthrough the radiator and the second valve being effective to decreasethe flow through the by-pass upon such increased temperature, oppositeends of the thermostat effecting the above operation of the respectivevalves.

2. In athermostatic mechanism of the class described, in combinationwith an internal combustion engine and a cooling systcmtherefor,comprising a radiator, a cooling fluid containing jacket encasing theinternal combustion engine cylinder and a 'bypass conduit adapted toshunt fluid from the radiator, of .a thermostat controlling the flowthrough the radiator and also the said by-pass conduit, said thermostatbeing im-' inersible in fluid from the jacket and expansive responsivetoan excess of temperature from a normal temperature, a pair ofvalvesoperable thereby, one being disposed in the path of the flow tothe radiator, the second disposed in the by-pass conduit, the firstvalve being cfl'ective to increase the flow Wall of the thermostat toopen and close the through theradiator and the second valve passagethrough the port'to increase or debeing effective to decrease the flowthrough crease the flow to the radiator, and a central the by-pass uponsuch increased temperature, 1y disposed valve element responsive tomoveopposite ends of the thermostat efl'ecting the ments of the otherthermostat end Wall to close above operation of the respective valves,said or open an opposing valve port from a'wall thermostat being fixedlysupported interof the jacket to which the thermostat casing mediate itsends. may be attached at its open end.

3. In a thermostatic mechanism of the 5. In a thermostat for controllingthe 'fiOW class described, in combination With an interof cooling fluidin an internal combustion en- ,nal combustion engine and a coolingsystem gine, the combination with a metallic thermotherefor, comprisinga radiator, a cooling static element having a pair of oppositely distherespective valves.

fluid containing jacket encasing the internal posed end Walls andflexible corrugated side combustion engine cylinders and a by-passWalls, and adapted to contain a thermosensiconduit adapted to shuntfluid from the raditive fluid, of a tubular casing for the element ator,of a thermostat of tubular form having having impervious side Walls anda ported corrugated flexible side walls and closing end end Wall, avalve element for opening and walls, and interiorly charged With athermoclosing the port, the other end of the casing sensitive fluidcontrolling the flow through being provided with peripheral means of atthe radiator and also the said by-pass contachment to a Wall of theengine cooling duit, said thermostat being immersible in jacket andadapted to receive heated fluid fluid from the jacket and expansiverespontherefrom andto exhaust suchfluid through sive to an excess oftemperature from a nor the said port, a second valve element adapted maltemperature, a pair of valves operable A to open and close the portopening in such thereby, one being disposed in the path of the jacketWall, each of said valves being responfloW tothe radiator, the seconddisposed in the sive to movements of adifferent one of the by-passconduit, the first valve being eflecti-ve" thermostat end Walls, thefirst valve being to increase the flow through the radiator andresponsive to an expansive movement of its the second valve beinefi'ective to decrease thermostat end Wall to open its controlled theflow through the by-pass upon such inport, the other valve element beingresponsive creased temperature, opposite ends of the to an expansivemovement of its thermostat thermostat effecting the above operation ofend Wall to close its control port, said last named port adapted toby-pass cooling fluid 4. In a-therm'ostatic mechanism of the classaround the automotive engine fluidcooling described, incombin ation withan internal radiator. combustionengi ne and'a cooling system there- 6.In a thermostat for controlling the flow for, comprising a radiator, acooling fluid conof cooling fluid in an internal combustion entainingjacket enca'sing the internal. com gine, the combination With a metallicthermobustion engine cylinders and a by-pass constatic element having apair of oppositely disduit adapted to shunt fluid-from the radiator,posed end Walls and flexible corrugated side of a thermostat of tubularform having coralls, adapted to contain a thermo-sensitive rugatedflexible side walls and closing l end fluid, of a tubular casing for theelement havwalls, and interior'ly charged \Vlthtl. thermo- 'ing'impervious side Walls and a ported end sensitive fluid controlling theflow through Wall, a valve element for opening and closingtheradiatoralid'also the'said by-pa'ss conduit, the port, the other endof thecasing being said thermostat being immersible in fluid providedWith peripheral means of attach from the jacket-and expansive responsiveto ment to a Wall of the engine cooling jacket an excess temperaturefrom a normal temand adapted to receive heated fluid-therefromperature,a pair of valves operable thereby, and to exhaust such fluidthrough the said one being disposed in the path of -the flow port, asecond valve element adapted to open of the radiator, the seconddisposed in the and close a port opening. in such jacket Wall, by-passconduit, the first valve being effective. each of said valves beingresponsive to move to increase the flow through the radiator ments of adifl'erent one of the thermostat end and the second valve beingeifective -to dewalls, the first valve being responsive to an crease theflow through the by-pass upon such expansive movement of its thermostatend increased temperature, opposite ends of the wall to open itscontrolled port, the other thermostat effecting the above operation'oifvalve element being responsive to an expan the respective valves,-sa 1dthermostat being .sive movement of ts thermostat end all fixedlysupported intermediate its ends, a to close its control port, said lastnamed port tubular casing for the thermostat adapted to adapted toby-pass cooling fluidar'ound the receive fluid from the jacket, anintraperiphautomotive engine fluid cooling. radlator, and

eral non-central portion of the casing and means for anchoring thethermostat relative an upper end Wall thereof having valve ports to thecasing at an intermediate portion of the therethrough, a movable valveelement rethermostat side Walls. I sponsive to longitudinal movements ofan end 7. In a thermostat adaptable for attachi ment to acooling jacketwall of an automotive 'theretlirough to the interior of the casing andattached therein to an end wall of the thermostat element, a secondvalve element disposed approximately in the plane of the casing flangeand rigidly secured to an opposite end of the thermostatic element, theside walls of the casing being impervious and adapted to convey fluidfrom the engine jacket passing through the. said port towards the engineradiator, said last mentioned valve element adapted to control aby-passed flow passed around said engine radiator, heated fluidbeingreceivable from the engine jacket into the casing through the 1 flangedend thereof. i

8. In a thermostat adaptable for attachment to a cooling acket wall ofan automotive engine, comprising a tubular casing, a thermostaticelement-contained therein, said casing having a ported wall adapted tobedisposed remote from the jacket and an out wardly flangedend wallattachable thereto, a valve element overhanging the outer surface of theport and having a stem projected therethrough to the interior ofthecasing and attached therein'to an end wall of the therm'ostatelement, a second valve element disposed approximately in the plane ofthe casing flange and rigidly secured to an opposlte end of thethermostatic element, the side walls means for rigidly supporting aportion of the side walls of the thermostat intermediate the of thecasing being impervious and adapted to convey fluid from the enginejacket passing through the said port towards the engine radiator, saidlast mentioned valve element adapted to controla hy-passed flow passedaround said engine radiator, heated fluid being receivable from theengine jacket into the casing thru the flanged end thereof, and

thermostat end walls upon the casing. 9. In a thermostat adaptable forattachment to a cooling jacket wall of an automotive engine, comprisinga tubular casing, a thermostatic element contained therein, said casinghaving a ported wall adapted to be disposed remote from the jacket andan outwardly flanged end wall attachable thereto, a valve elementoverhanging the outer sur face of the port andhaving a stem projectedtherethrough-to the interior of the casing and attached'therein to anend wall of the thermostat element, a second valve element disposedapproximately in the plane of thev casingflange and rigidly secured toan opposite end of the thermostatic element, the side walls of thecasing being impervious and adapted to convey fluid from the enginejacket passing through the said port towards the engine radiator, saidlast mentioned valve element adapted to control a by-passed flow passedaround said engine radiator, heated fluid being receivable from theengine jacket into the casing through the flanged end thereof, and meansfor rigidly supporting a portion of the side walls of the thermostatintermediate the thermostat end walls upon the casing, said meanscomprising a segmental ring, the periphery thereof being inserted Withinan annularconcavity contained within the outer walls of the casing.

said ring segments being perforated longitudinally,

10. In a thermostat adaptable for attachment to a cooling jacket wall ofan automotive engine, comprising a tubular casing adapted for attachmentby an end to the jacket wall, a thermostatic element contained in thecasing, the said jacket wall having a valve opening and a secondadjacent opening therethrough, a valve adapted for movement responsiveto an expansive movement of the thermostat to close the valve opening,said adjacent opening adapted to communicate heated cooling water fromthe engine jacket to the space within the casing surrounding thethermostat,..and a port for the casing for the'discharge of wateradmitted to the intemm of the casing through said adjacent opening. 1 v

11. In a thermostat adaptable for attachment to a cooling jacket wall ofan automotive engine, comprising a tubular casing adapted for attachmentby an end to the jacket wall, a thermostatic element c0ntained in thecasing, the said jacket wall having a valve opening and a secondadjacent :opening therethrough, .a valve adapted for movement responsiveto an expansive movement of the thermostat to close vthe valve opening,said adjacent opening adapted to communicate heated cooling water fromthe engine jacket to the space within the casing surrounding-thethermostat, and a port for the casing for the discharge of wateradmitted to the interior of the casing through said adjacent opening, avalve for said port movable to open the port responsive to expansivemovements of the thermostat.

12. In a thermostat adaptable for attachment to a cooling jacket wall ofan automotive engine, comprising a tubular casing adapted for attachmentby an end to, the jacket wall, a thermostatic element contained in thecasing, the said jacket wall having a valve opening and a secondadjacent opening ,tlierethrough, a valve adapted for movement responsiveto an expansive movement of the thermostat to close the valve opening,said adjacent opening adapted to communicate heated, cooling water fromthe engine jacket to the space within the casing surrounding i thethermostat, and a port for the casing for the discharge of wateradmitted to the interior of the casing through said adjacent open ing, avalve for said port movable to open the port responsive to(:XIiiLIISlVG-mOVGHIBIItSOf the thermostat, said t ermostat comprisingend walls and flexible corrugated side walls joining the end walls, oneof said end walls communicating motion to the first said valve, theother end wall communicating motion to the second named valve.

13. In a thermostat-adaptable for attachment to a cooling jacket wall ofan automotive engine, comprising a tubular casing adapted for attachmentby an end to the jacket wall, a thermostatic elementcontained in thecasing, the said jacket wall having a valve opening and a second adjacent' opening therethrough, a valve adapted for movement responsive toan expansive movement of the thermostat to close the valve opening, saidA adjacent opening adapted to communicate heated cool ngwat'er from theengine jacket to the space within the casing surrounding the thermostat,and a port for the casing for the discharge of wateradmitted to theinterior oi the casing through said adjacent opening, a valve for saidport movable to open the port responsive to expansive movement of thethermostat, said thermostat comprising end walls and flexible-corrugatedside 'walls joining the end walls, one of said end walls communicatingmotion to the first said valve, theother end wall communicating motionto the second named valve, supporting means for the thermostatic'elementextending from the tubular side wall of the casing to. the tubularcorrugated side wall of the thermostaticelement. r Y

14. In a thermostat adaptable for attachment to a cooling j acket'wallof an automotive engine, comprising a-tubular casing adapted forattachment by an end to the jacketwall, a' thermostatic elementcontained in the easing, the said jacket wall having a valveopenthermostat to "close the valve opening, saidadjacent opening adaptedto communicate heated cooling water from the engine acket -to the spacewithin the casing surrounding the thermostat, and a port for the casingfor the discharge of water admitted to the interior of the casingthrough' said adjacent opening, a valve for said port movable to openthe vport responsive to expansive movements of the thermostat, saidthermostat comprising end walls and flexible corrugated side wallsjoining the end walls, one of said end walls communicating motion to thefirst said valve,

' the other end wall communicatin -motion to the second 'named valve,suppor ing means for the thermostatic element'extending from the tubularside wall of the casing to the tubiilar corrugated side wall of thethermostatic element, said supporting means comelement overhanging theouter surface of the port and having a stem projected therethrough tothe interior of the casingand (attached therein to an end wall of thethermostat element, a second valve element disposed approximately in theplane of the casing flange and rigidly secured to an opposite end of thethermostatic element, the side walls of the casingbeing impervious andadapted to convey fluid from the engine jacket passing through thesaidport towards the engine radiator, saidsecond valve element adapted tocontrol a by-passed flow passedaround said engine radiator, heated fluidbeing receivable from the engine jacket into the casing through theflanged end thereof, and means for rigidly supporting a portion of theside walls of the thermostat intermediate the thermostat end walls uponthe casing, said means comprising a segmental ring, the peripherythereof belng nserted wlthin an annular concavity contained within theouter walls of the casing, said ring segments being perforatedlongitudinally, and a'stop element dis posed Within the thermostaticelement com prising an intermediate yoke portion and upwardly extendingoutwardly flanged arms,

the arm flanges being rigidly secured to opposite side walls of thethermostatic element adjacent the thermostat supporting means, theintermediate portion being so disposed as to contact with the innersurface of the said thermostatic element opposite end when tlhp-thermostat is in relatively contracted con- 1.1011.

- 16.'A controlling mechanism, comprising .a container having a pair ofend walls and interconnecting longitudinally expansible and collapsibleside walls, said end walls adapted to be moved axially responsive to theeffect of pressureof fluid-inthe container expanding the side walls, apair of controlling 'means each individually operable by loligitudinalmovement of a different one of said end walls and meanscontacting anintermediate portion of the side Wall to restrain movementofthecontacted side wallportion, a housing for the container having sidewalls spaced from and enclosing the container side walls, saidrestraining-means engageable with a portion of the housingopposite thecontacted portion of the container.

17. A controlling mechanism comprising a container having a pair of endwalls and interconnecting longitudinally expansiblc and collapsible sidewalls, said end walls adapted to be moved axially responsive to theeffect of pressure of fluid in the container expanding the sidewalls, apair of controlling means eachfiindividually operable by longi tudinalmovement of a 'difierent one of said end walls and means contacting anintermediate portion oftheside wall to restrain movement of thecontacted side wall portion, a housing for the container having sidewalls spaced from and enclosing the container side walls, saidrestraining means engageable with a portion of the housing oppositethecontacted portion of the container, and comprising an annular ring splitdiametrically to facilitate insertion within the housing.

18. A controlling mechanism comprising a container having a pair of endwalls and interconnecting longitudinally "'expansible and collapsibleside walls, said ,end walls adapted to be moved axially responsive tothe effect of pressure of fluid 'in the container expanding the sidewalls, a pair of controlling means each individually operable bylongitudinal movement of a different one of said end walls and meanscontacting an intermediate port-ion of the side Wall to restrainmovement of the contacted side wall portion, a substantially cup shapedhousing for the container havingbeaded side walls, said restrainingmeans fitting between an annularlj recessed container side wall portionand an oppositely recessed head of the housing.

19. A controlling mechanism comprising a container having a pair of endwalls and interconnecting longitudinally expansible and collapsible sidewalls, said end walls adapted to be moved axially responsive to theeffect of pressure of fluid in the container expanding the side walls, apair ,of controlling means each individually operable by longitudinalmovement of a different one of said i end walls and means contacting anintermediate portion ofthe side wall to restrain movement of thecontacted side wall portion,

and a housing for the container having side walls spaced from thecontainer side walls, said container and houslng side walls beingoppositely beaded, said restraining means I tractible thermostaticelement having corrugated continuous longitudinally expansible sidewalls and an end wall disposed adjacent said valve, said end walladapted to communicate motion to thevalve, and supporting means rigidlysecuring the mounting plate and the elementtegether, adapted to engagethe thermostatic element intermediate its ends.

21. A'fluid pressure responsive valve comprising a mounting platetherefor having a valve adapted to close said aperture, an expansibleand contractible thermostatic element having corrugated longitudinallyexpansible side walls and an endrwall disposed adjacent said valve,said-end wall adapted to communicate motion to the valve when pressuresare introduced into the element, and supporting means rigidly securingthe mounting plate and the element togetheradapted to engage between apair of corrugations of the said element to support the same.

22. A fluid pressure responsive valve comprising a mounting platetherefor having a valve aperture therein, a valve adapted to close saidaperture, a valve stem for the valve, an expansible and contractiblethermostatic element having corrugated continuous longitudinallyexp'ansible side walls and a relatively rigid end wall disposed adjacentsaid valve, said stem secured to said end wall and adapted tocommunicate motion to the valve, and, supporting means comprising a cagerigidly securing the mounting plate and the 'element together adapted toengage between a pair of intermediate corrugations of the thermostaticelement.

23. A fluid pressure responsive valve comprising a substantially tubularhousing, an axially disposed valve port therein and a thermo-expansibleelement axially disposed in the housing, having tubular side Walls ofcorrugated form defining a series of spaced "annular grooves on theouter surface of the element, said element being anchored within thecasing by means projecting from the easing to engage the corrugated sidewalls of the element intermediate the ends'of the element, and a valvefor said 'port operable by a relative movement of a longitudinallyspaced portion of the element to the anchored portion thereof.

, 245. A fluid pressure responsive valve com- ,prising a substantiallytubularhousing, an

axially disposed valve port therein and a thermo-expansible elementaxially disposed in the housing, having tubular side walls of corrugatedform defining a series of spaced annular grooves on the" outer surfaceof the element, said element being anchored within the casing by meansprojecting from the easing to engage the corrugated side walls of theelement intermediate the ends of the ele- 1-ncnt, and a valve tor saidport operable by a relative movement of a longitudinally spaced portionofthe element to the anchored portion thereof, and a second valveelement operable by such relative movement of another longitudinallyspaced portion of the elementclisposed on the opposite side of the saidanchored surface.

25. A. fiuid'pressure responsive valve com prising a cage, a valveplatesecured at one end of the cage and having avalve openingtherethrough, a thermo-expansive element having an end wall and tubularside ,walls of corrugated form defining a series of spaced annulargrooves on the outer surface of the element longitudinally disposedwithin the cage, a valve for the plate opening operable by axialmovement of said end Wall, and meansjoining the cage and the corrugatedside walls of the element intermediate its ends adapted to anchor theelement with reference to the plate.

26. In a self-contained thermostat, adapted for controlling a flow ofcooling fluid from the cooling jacket of an internal combustion enginecylinder towhich itmay be aflixed,

comprising a tubular casing comprising a tubular portion and a radialflange, a flanged tubular outlet element telescoped over said casingwith its flange superposed over said casing flange, means to directlysecure said casing and said outlet on to the jacketwall by theirrespective superposed flanges, a valve and thermostatic elementsupported by the casing, and means adapted to communicate movement fromsaid element to said valve to move the valve to open and close a passageextending longitudinally through the casing communicating atone enddirectly with a portin the cooling jacket, and at its other end with theinterior of the tubular outlet.

27. In a thermostat adapted for attach ment'directly to an automotiveengine cylinder head cooling jacket having a top wall comprising tubularcasing-having a radial flange, a thermostatic element supported thereby,said casing having a liquid passage therethrough, and adapted to beattached. by

its flange directly on the said top wall, a valve element supported bythe casing adapted to be moved to close the passage, means adapted tocommunicate operative movement from said thermostatic element to saidvalve ele-,

ment, said. casing comprising substantially impervious side Walls andterminating in a discharge pass'ageat its upper-end, said jacket wallhaving an opening theretl'irough adapted to communicate cooling liquidfrom housing having a bottom flange superposed over the bottom flange ofthe casing. and attached thereby to the jacket top Wall.

In witness whereof I hereunto aflix my sigv nature this 8th day ofSeptember, 1928.

EDWARD J; LEVY.

